Species list (Eng)

English name	Latin name	LoD	N	UK	Description
Arbor-vitae, American	Thuja occidentalis	PC	-	-	Hardy medium-sized tree. Reddish-brown peeling bark. Branches spreading, upcurved at the tips. Leaves in numerous flattened sprays; conspicuous resin glands. Fruity odour if crushed. Important timber tree in USA.
Arbor-vitae, Chinese	Thuja orientalis	PC	-	-	Large shrub or small tree of dense, conical or columnar habit when young. Branches erect; leaves borne in frond-like, vertical sprays. Formal habit.
Cedar of Lebanon	Cedrus libani	SD	-	-	Large, wide-spreading tree. Conical when young, gradually assuming picturesque, flat topped and tiered arrangement of the mature tree. Leaves green or greyish-green, 2-3.5cm long. Cones 8-10cm long.
Cedar, Atlas	Cedrus atlantica	SD	-	-	Large tree, grows rapidly when young. Leaves 2-3.5cm long, green or grey-green, thickly covering the long branches. Cones 5-7cm long. Branches somewhat ascending at first, eventually assume horizontal arrangement.
Cedar, Blue	Cedrus atlantica glauca	SD	-	-	Leaves silvery-blue, extremently effective. Prehaps the most spectacular of all "blue" conifers.
Cedar, Incense	Libocedrus decurrens	PC	-	-	Large tree with conical head of spreading branches in the wild state. Cultivated trees have characteristic columnar habit. Dark green leaves are crowded into dense, fan-like sprays. Cones ovoid, pendent, up to 2.5cm long.
Cedar, Japanese	Cryptomeria japonica	PC	-	-	Large, fast-growing, broadly columnar tree with reddish shredding bark and spreading or decurved branches. Leaves awl-shaped, densely crowded on long, slender branchlets. Thrives best in moist soils.
Cedar, Western red	Thuja plicata	PC	-	-	Large fast-growing ornamental tree. Shredding bark; spreading branches. Leaves glossy green, in drooping sprays, fruity odour. Important timber tree in N America. Makes good hedge; tolerant of shade and chalk soil.
Cypress, Hinoki	Chamaecyparis obtusa	PC	-	-	Large tree of broad, conical habit. Branches spreading horizontally, foliage deep shining green, in unequal pairs of blunt-tipped leaves. Held to be sacred by followers of the Shinto faith.
Cypress, Lawson	Chamaecyparis lawsoniana	PC	-	-	Large, conical tree with drooping branches and broad, fan-like sprays of foliage, arranged in horizontal though drooping planes. Leaves pointed, green or glaucous green.
Cypress, Monterey	Cupressus macrocarpa	PC	-	-	Popular fast-growing medium/large tree. Conical or broadly columnar when young, broad-crowned with age. Foliage bright green, densely packed sprays. Cones 2.5-3cm across. Valuable shelter tree in coastal districts.
Cypress, Smooth Arizona	Cupressus arizonica	SD	-	-	Small to medium tree of dense conical or broadly columnar habit with grey and brown, stringy and slightly ridged bark.Foliage green. Cones 1-2.5cm across, globose.
Cypress, Swamp	Taxodium distichum	PC	-	-	Strikingly large tree suited to wet soil. Fibrous, reddish-brown bark. Leaves 1-1.5cm long, grass-green; bronze-yellow in autumn. When grown by water produce growths which project above ground from the roots.
Deodar	Cedrus deodara	SD	-	-	Large tree of somewhat pendent habit. Leaves are glaucous when young, soon deep green. Has drooping leader and long leaves, up to 5cm long. Cones 7-10cm long.
Fir	Abies fraseri	SD	-	-	Medium tree with slender, conical crown. Leaves 1-2cm long crowded on upper sides of twigs. Cones 3-5cm long, purple when young. Prone to disease.
Fir, balsam	Abies balsamea	SD	-	-	Medium tree, not well adapted to our climate. Winter buds very resinous. Leaves 1.3-3cm long. Cones 6-10cm long, violet-purple when young.
Fir, Californian red	Abies magnifica	SD	-	-	Large tree, slender cone-shaped habit. Whitish bark when young. Leaves 2-4cm long, curved, grey- or blue-green. Cones 15-22cm long, purple when young. Not suitable for chalk soils.
Fir, Caucasian	Abies nordmanniana	SD	-	-	Noble species, great ornamental value. Large to very large tree; tiered branches sweeping downwards. Winter buds reddish brown. Leaves 2-3cm long, shining green above. Cones 15-20cm long. Generally disease resistant.
Fir, Colorada white	Abies concolor	SD	-	-	Beautiful large tree with smooth grey bark, grooved and scaly on old trees. Leaves up to 5.5cm long, thick, blue-green or grey-green. Cones 8-14cm long, pale green when young.
Fir, Cork	Abies lasiocarpa arizonica	SD	-	-	Medium tree with greyish or buff-coloured, shortly pubescent branchlets and thick, soft, corky bark. Leaves 2.5-3.5cm long, silver-grey. Cones smaller.
Fir, Douglas Oregon	Pseudotsuga taxifolia/menziesii	PC	-	-	Fast-growing, large tree. Lower branches downswept, bark thick, corky, deeply furrowed on large trees. Leaves to 3cm, fragrant when crushed. Cones to 10cm. Important timber tree in UK and N. America.
Fir, European silver	Abies alba	SD	-	-	Large tree with smooth grey bark when young. Leaves 2-3cm long, in 2 horizontal ranks. Cones cylindrical, 10-16cm long. Subject to injury from late spring frosts.
Fir, Giant	Abies grandis	SD	-	-	Fast-growing large tree. Leaves 2-6cm long, delightfully fragrant when crushed. Cones 7.5-10cm long. Prefers moist but well drained soil. Good shade tolerance, moderately lime-tolerant.
Fir, Korean	Abies koreana	SD	-	-	Small, slow-growing tree of neat habit. Leaves 1-2cm long, dark green above, gleaming white beneath. Violet-purple, cylindrical cones, 5-7.5cm long, produced even on very small specimens.
Fir, Noble	Abies nobilis/procera	SD	-	-	Beautiful large tree. Leaves 2.5-3.5cm long, bluish-green above, crowd uppers sides of banchlets, pectinate and decurved below. Magnificant cylindrical cones 16-25cm long.
Fir, Red silver	Abies amabalis	SD	-	-	Large tree; silvery-white bark when young and small resinous winter buds. Leaves 2-3cm long, smell of oranges when crushed; crowded on upper sides of branchlets. Cones 8-15cm long. Unsitable for chalky or dry soils.
Fir, Spanish	Abies pinsapo	SD	-	-	Medium to large tree with short, rigid dark green leaves up to 1.5cm long which radiate from all sides of the brachlets. Cones 10-15cm long. Suitable for chalk soils.
Hemlock, Western	Tsuga heterophylla	PC	-	-	Large, fast-growing tree with gracefully spreading branches. Leaves to 20mm long, cones to 2.5cm long. Develops into an elegant tree with a spire-like crown. Not suitable for chalk soils, but tolerant of shade.
Juniper, Common	Juniperus communis	DD36	-	Y	Medium/large shrub. Silver backed leaves prickly to touch arranged in whorls of 3. Fruits rounded 5-6m across, black with bloom. Ripening during 2nd/3rd year, used to flavour gin. Plentiful on chalk downs of S. England.
Larch, European	Larix decidua var sudetica	PC	-	-	Large tree. Slender, cone-shaped crown when young. Branches & branchlets droop on old trees. Shoots yellowish/grey, glabrous. Rosette leaves 1.5-3.5cm long, light green. Cones ovoid 2-4cm. Important afforestation tree.
Larch, European/Common	Larix decidua	PC	-	-	Large tree. Slender cone-shaped crown when young. Branches & branchlets droop on old trees. Shoots yellowish/grey, glabrous. Rosette leaves 1.5-3.5cm long, light green. Cones ovoid 2-4cm. Important afforestation tree.
Larch, Hybrid	Larix x eurolepis	SD	-	-	Vigorous, large tree of great commercial value. L. decidua x L. leptolepis. Important hybrid forest tree, less susceptible to disease than L. decidua.
Larch, Japanese	Larix leptolepis/Kaempferi	SD	-	-	Vigorous, large tree with reddish shoots. Leaves 2-3.5cm long, sea-green, broader than L. decidua. Cones ovoid, 2-3cm long. Used extensively for afforestation, withstanding exposure well.
Pine	Pinus jeffreyi	PC	-	-	Large imposing tree with conical or spire-like crown. Young shoots stout, glaucous. Leaves in 3s, to 22cm long, dull bluish-green/pale grey, crowded towards end of branchlets. Cones terminal and spreading, 13-20cm long.
Pine, Arolla	Pinus cembra	DD	28	-	Small/medium ornamental tree of dense conical habit. Leaves in 5s, 5-8cm long densely crowded, blue-green with blue-white inner surfaces. Cones deep blue, never open; seeds liberated when scales rot/by squirrels/birds.
Pine, Austrian	Pinus nigra austriaca	PC	-	-	Commonly planted large tree; rough bark, dense head of large branches. Leaves in pairs 8-12cm long. Cones to 8cm. Excellent for maritime areas, tolerant of most soils. Thrives in chalk & bleak exposure; good windbreak.
Pine, Bhutan	Pinus excelsa/wallichiana	PC	-	-	Elegant large, broad-headed tree. Leaves in 5s, to 20cm long, blue-green, drooping. Graceful foliage and ornamental, resin-smeared, pendent cones. Moderately lime tolerant; not recommended for shallow chalk soils.
Pine, Bishop	Pinus muricata	PC	-	-	Picturesque tree, forms dense flat head of branches. Leaves in pairs, to 15cm long. Cones solitary or in clusters; remain unopened for years (liberated by forest fires in the wild). Suitable for exposed areas.
Pine, Black	Pinus thunbergii	PC	-	-	Distinctive, splendid large tree; stout twisted branches. Leaves in pairs, 7-18cm long, rigid and twisted. Cones to 6cm long. Important timber tree in Japan. Useful windbreak in martime areas; grows in poor, sandy soils.
Pine, Bristlecone	Pinus aristata	PC	-	-	Small tree/large shrub. Stout reddish-brown hairy young shoots. Leaves in 5s, 4cm long, flecked with resin, tightly bunched, pressed close to branchlets. Cones 9cm, scales with slender-spined, bristle-like bosses.
Pine, Chile/Monkey Puzzle	Araucaria araucana	ND	-	-	Medium/large tree with long spidery branches and densely overlapping, rigid, spine-tipped dark green leaves. Cones globular, 11-18cm long, take 3 years to mature. Excellent wind resister grows best on moist loamy soil.
Pine, Corsican	Pinus nigra corsicana/maritima	ND	-	-	Large tree with straight main stem to the summit of the crown. More open and with fewer shorter more level branches than Austrian pine. Extensively used for forestry purposes and happy in almost any soil or situation.
Pine, Dwarf Siberian	Pinus pumila	DD	18	-	Usually a dwarf shrub of spreading growth. Leaves in 5s, to 7cm, blue-white on inner surfaces. Cones to 5cm long. Excellent for a heather garden or large rock garden.
Pine, Jack	Pinus banksiana	PC	-	-	Very hardy tree, medium size, occasionally gnarled and shrubby. Leaves in pairs to 5cm long. Adaptable to most soils except shallow chalk, good in moist soils. Recognised by crooked branches and uneven cones.
Pine, Japanese Red	Pinus densiflora	PC	-	-	Medium to large tree. Leaves in pairs, to 12cm long, twisted. Cones shortly-stalked, solitary or in clusters of 2-3, to 5cm long.
Pine, Japanese white	Pinus parviflora	DD	36	-	Small/medium tree, conical when young, flat-topped in maturity. Leaves in 5s, 5-7.5cm long, slightly curved, blue-green with blue-white inner surfaces. Picturesque Japanese tree; it is the pine of the "Willow Tree" pattern.
Pine, Lodgepole/Beach	Pinus contorta	PC	-	-	Medium to large tree with short branches. Leaves in pairs or clusters. Not adaptable to chalky soils, but suitable for light stony or sandy land. Vigorous species, used for fixing sand dunes in maritime areas.
Pine, Macedonian	Pinus peuce	DD	36	-	Attractive, medium to large tree, narrow conical habit. Young shoots shining green and glabrous. Leaves in 5s, to 10cm long, beep blue-green with white inner surfaces, densely packed on branchlets. Cones to 15cm long.
Pine, Maritime	Pinus pinaster/maritima	SD	-	-	Sparsely branched, medium tree. Thick reddish-brown/dark purple bark in small squares. Leaves in pairs, to 25cm long. Cones to 18cm, rich shining brown. Excellent for sandy soils. Important source of resin in W. France.
Pine, Monterey	Pinus radiata	PC	-	-	Large attractive tree; deeply fissured bark, dense head of branches. Leaves in 3s, to 15cm long. Cones to 15cm in whorls along branches, remain intact for years. Suits mild inland and coastal areas; withstands sea winds.
Pine, Mountain	Pinus mugo mughus	PC	-	-	Hardy large shrub/small tree of dense, bushy habit. Leaves in pairs, 3-4cm long, rigid and curved, dark green. Cones solitary or in clusters to 6cm long. Variable species; all succeed in almost all soils. Lime tolerant.
Pine, Mountain	Pinus mugo pumilio	PC	-	-	A dwarf form, often prostrate, but occasionally reaching 2m.
Pine, Mountain	Pinus mugo rostrata/uncinata	PC	-	-	A splendid dense, bushy, broadly conical, medium sized tree for creating shelter against the coldest winds. Succeeding in all types of soil including shallow chalk soils.
Pine, Scots/Caladonian	Pinus sylvestris	PC	-	Y	Large tall-stemmed, occasionally low spreading, tree. Reddish young bark. Leaves in pairs, 3-10cm long, twisted, grey-green or blue-green. Cones to 7.5cm long. Truly wild stands only found in parts of N Scotland.
Pine, Stone/Umbrella	Pinus pinea	ND	-	-	Distinctive small/medium tree, characteristic dense, flat-topped/umbrella-shaped head. Leaves in pairs, to 15cm. Cones stalked, to 15cm long, shining nut-brown. Seeds edible. Suitable for sandy soils & maritime areas.
Pine, Umbrella	Sciadopitys verticillata	DD	26	-	Slow-growing, hardy tree, medium size. Usually a single trunk. Bark peels to reaveal red-brown new bark. Branches horizontal; clusters of rich, glossy foliage. Leaves in whorls like spokes of an umbrella. Attractive cones.
Pine, Western yellow	Pinus ponderosa	PC	-	-	Large striking tree; tall, clear trunk, scaly cinnamon bark and stout, spreading/drooping branches. Young shoots stout, orange-brown or greenish. Leaves in 3s, to 25cm long. Cones to 16cm, scales armed with small spike.
Pine, Weymouth/White	Pinus strobus	PC	-	-	Large tree, conical habit when young, develops rounded head. Leaves in 5s, to 15cm long. Cones to 20cm long, flecked with resin. Ornamental habit, fast growth. Extensively planted by Lord Weymouth at Longleat, Wilts.
Redwood, Californian	Sequoia sempervirens	PC	-	-	Very large (over 100m in wild) evergreen tree. Thick, fibrous, soft, spongy, reddish-brown outer bark. Branches slightly drooping, bearing 2-ranked, linear-oblong leaves, 1-2cm long. Cones 2-3cm, ripening the first season.
Redwood, Dawn	Metasequoia glyptostroboides	PC	-	-	Strong, rapid growing deciduous tree. Conical when young, shaggy cinnamon-brown bark. Leaves on short branchlets resemble a pinnate feathery leaf. Bright green then gold. Cones 15-20mm across. Good ornamental.
Spruce, Black	Picea mariana	PC	-	-	Medium, rather narrowly conical tree with brown, densely hairy yound shoots. Leaves to 12mm long, dark bluish-green, densely crowding the upper surfaces of the branchlets. Cones 3.5cm long produced in large quantities.
Spruce, Brewer's weeping	Picea breweriana	PC	-	-	One of the most popular ornamental conifers. Small/medium, broadly conical tree; spreading or decurved branches from which hang slender, tail-like branchlets 1.8-2.5m long. Leaves 3cm long, shining dark blue-green.
Spruce, Colorado blue	Picea pungens glauca	PC	-	-	Medium to large tree with glaucous leaves. Leaves tend to lose their intensity as they age. Variable form.
Spruce, Colorado blue	Picea pungens glauca majestica	NPC	-	-	Medium to large tree with glaucous leaves. Leaves tend to lose their intensity as they age. Variable majestic form.
Spruce, Engelmann	Picea engelmanii	PC	-	-	Small to medium tree with pale yellow-brown young shoots. Leaves 4-angled, 1.5-2.5cm long, sharply pointed greyish-green, emitting a pungent odour when bruised. Cones 7.5cm long.
Spruce, Norway	Picea abies	PC	-	-	Popular Christmas tree and extensively used for afforestaion; white or cream-coloured wood. Leaves 1-2.5cm long, shining green, densely clothing upper sides of branchlets, pectine below. Cones cylindrical 10-15cm long.
Spruce, Oriental	Picea orientalis	PC	-	-	Large, densely branched tree of broadly conical habit; branches to ground level. Leaves to 8mm long, dark shining green. One of the best and most adaptable species in cultivation.
Spruce, Serbian	Picea omorika	PC	-	-	Beautiful, adaptable spruce, quickly forming a tall, graceful tree relatively short, drooping branches. Leaves 1-2cm long. Cones 4-6cm long, bluish-black when young. One of the best spruces for industrial areas & chalk soil.
Spruce, Sitka	Picea sitchensis	PC	-	-	Fast-growing large tree primarily of economic importance. Leaves 18mm long rigid, sharply pointed. Cones 10cm long. Does well in damp sites. Important afforestation tree; the most commonly planted conifer for this in UK.
Spruce, White	Picea glauca	PC	-	-	Large tree of dense conical habit. Decurved branches ascending at the tips. Leaves 4-angled, to 20mm long, glaucous green; foetid odour when bruised. Cones to 6cm long. Very hardy, useful in cold, exposed positions.
Tree, Maidenhair	Ginkgo biloba	ND	-	-	Small to large deciduous tree, conical when young. Fan-shaped, undivided leaves which turn clear yellow in autumn. Hardy and suitable for most soils. Tolerant of industrial areas.
Wellingtonia/Tree, Big	Sequoiadendron giganteum	PC	-	-	Very large tree. Deeply furrowed, reddish-brown bark. Older trees have widely spaced downswept branches. Leaves awl-shaped, 6-12mm long, spirally arranged. Coned ovoid, 5-7.5cm long. Some trees 2000 years old.
Yew	Taxus baccata	DD 70	-	Y	Usually found in the wild on chalk formations. Small to medium tree or large shrub. Dark, almost black leaves, to 3cm long. Fruits with a red aril. Familiar resident of churchyards. Low, prostrate form.